1 Introduction

This page is dedicated to explaining how to install the foam-extend project in Ubuntu.

If you do not yet feel comfortable using Linux, then perhaps you better first read the page Working with the Shell and train a bit with the shell/terminal environments, so you can have a better perception of the steps shown below.

2 Copy-Paste steps

A few notes before you start copy-pasting:

Lines that start with # don't have to be copy-pasted. They are just comments to let you know what's going on.
One wrong character is enough for breaking this guide, so make sure you can read the characters properly or that the installed language system does not break the copied characters!

2.1 Ubuntu 10.04

Here you have at least two choices:

You can install the Deb packages, which provide a quick and easy way for having a working installation of OpenFOAM 1.6-ext. This is the quickest solution for beginners and instructions are provided here: OpenFOAM-dev-1.5 or OpenFOAM-1.6-ext under Ubuntu Lucid 10.04 LTS
You can install from source, by either:
- Following the official instructions from one of these repositories:
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 10.04 at the official Extend repository
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 10.04 at repo.or.cz mirror
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 10.04 at Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github mirror
  - Note: Before following any of the instructions above, check the section Note regarding foam-extend-3.0
- Or by following the detailed step-by-step instructions below (which has been based on the previous link)...

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: failed to install openFoam 1.6ext

Steps:

Switch to root mode (administrator), to install the necessary packages:
```
sudo -s
```
- If the 'sudo' command tells you're not in the sudoers list, then run:
```
su -
```
Update the apt-get cache by running:
```
apt-get update
```

Install the necessary packages:

apt-get install git-core flex bison rpm build-essential zlib1g-dev binutils-dev libstdc++5 \
libqt4-dev qt4-dev-tools libxext-dev libxt-dev libreadline-dev libncurses-dev

Now exit from the root mode:
```
exit
```
Set-up the base folder where OpenFOAM-1.6-ext will be installed (here you can copy-paste all in single go):
```
cd ~
mkdir OpenFOAM
cd OpenFOAM
```

The next command will depend on the repository mirror you want to use:

Extend's official repository:

git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Extend's official repository (https mode, if you're behind a firewall):
```
git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
```

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository:

git clone git://repo.or.cz/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository (http mode, if you're behind a firewall):

git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github repository:

git clone https://github.com/Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

After the cloning is complete, go into the cloned folder and checkout the commit associated to 1.6.1, so that the correct 1.6-ext version is used:
```
cd OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
git checkout 1.6.1 -b 16ext
```

Configure the preferences file to specify the usage of the system's Qt 4:

cp etc/prefs.sh-EXAMPLE etc/prefs.sh
 
sed -i s/"#export QT_DIR=path_to_system_installed_qt"/"export QT_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export QT_BIN_DIR=\$QT_DIR\/bin"/"export QT_BIN_DIR=\$QT_DIR\/bin"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
#here you can change 4 to the number of cores you've got
echo "export WM_NCOMPPROCS=4" >> etc/prefs.sh

Now to do several more necessary fixes:

#we'll need to switch to the internal reader for ParaView
sed -i -e 's=\.OpenFOAM=\.foam=' bin/paraFoam
sed -i -e 's/^unset/export LC_ALL=C; unset/' bin/paraFoam
 
#Create a symbolic link for gmake
ln -s /usr/bin/make bin/gmake
 
#Fix the link for Mesquite
sed -i -e 's=software.sandia.gov/~jakraft=downloads.sourceforge.net/project/openfoam-extend/foam-extend-3.0/ThirdParty=g' \
  ThirdParty/AllMake.stage3 ThirdParty/rpmBuild/SPECS/mesquite-2.1.2.spec

For building 1.6-ext itself, it depends on whether you have installed the i686 or x86_64 architecture of Ubuntu. To check this, run:
```
uname -m
```
Now, accordingly:
- For i686:
```
echo "export WM_ARCH_OPTION=32" >> etc/prefs.sh
```
- For x86_64... there's nothing special to do.
Activate the environment and save an alias in the personal .bashrc file, simply by running the following commands:
```
source etc/bashrc
 
echo "alias of16ext='source \$HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/etc/bashrc'" >> $HOME/.bashrc
```
Note: This last line means that whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, whenever you start a new terminal, you should run:
```
of16ext
```
For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Build the several stages of the ThirdParty folder in a single go:

cd ThirdParty
 
# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 30 minutes to 3-6 hours.
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1

To check if everything went well:

#Edit the file "log.AllMake" and check if there are any error messages
#Example:
gedit log.AllMake
 
#Create a tarball in case you've seen any errors (it's the first error that matters)
#or if you don't understand the output
#and attach the file "log.AllMake.tar.gz" to a post in the designated thread
tar -czf log.AllMake.tar.gz log.AllMake

Now let's build 1.6-ext:

#Go back to the main folder and update the environment
cd ..
source etc/bashrc
 
# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 30 minutes to 3-6 hours.
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1

To check if everything went well:
1. Check if icoFoam is working, by running this command:
```
icoFoam -help
```
  which should tell you something like this:
```
Usage: icoFoam [OPTIONS]
options:
  -case <dir>       specify alternate case directory, default is the cwd
  -noFunctionObjects
                    do not execute functionObjects
  -parallel         run in parallel
  -roots <(dir1 .. dirN)>
                    slave root directories for distributed running
  -srcDoc           display source code in browser
  -doc              display application documentation in browser
  -help             print the usage
```
  Note: And keep in mind that you need to be careful with the letter case of the command. It's icoFoam, not icoFOAM.
2. If the previous command failed to work properly, then edit the file log.make and check if there are any error messages. A few examples on how you can edit this file:
  - By using kwrite:
```
kwrite log.make
```
  - By using gedit:
```
gedit log.make
```
  - By using nano:
```
nano log.make
```
    You can then exit by using the key combination Ctrl+X and following any instructions it gives you.
  Note: It's the first error message that matters.
3. If you don't understand the output, then please compress the log-file log.make and attach the compressed file to a post in the designated thread.
  If you do not know how to create a compressed file, then try one of the following examples:
  - You can compress the file with gzip by running this command:
```
gzip < log.make > log.make.gz
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named log.make.gz to a post in the designated thread.
  - Or you can compress one or more log-files into a tarball package file, by running this command:
```
tar -czf logs.tar.gz log.*
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named logs.tar.gz to a post in the designated thread.
4. Instructions on how to further diagnose the issue yourself, have a look at the section Common errors when building OpenFOAM from source code in the page FAQ/Installation and Running.
Now you can go read the User Guide, which is located at $HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/doc/Guides-a4/UserGuide.pdf.

Reminder: Whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, run the following command whenever you start a new terminal:

of16ext

For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: failed to install openFoam 1.6ext

2.2 Ubuntu 11.04

Here you have a few choices:

You can install from source, by either:
- Trying to follow the available official instructions from one of these repositories (but keeping in mind that you are using 11.04):
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu at the official Extend repository
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu at repo.or.cz mirror
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu at Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github mirror
  - Note: Before following any of the instructions above, check the section Note regarding foam-extend-3.0
- Or by following the detailed step-by-step instructions below (which has been based on the instructions from previous link)...

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: No thread available. Please a create a new thread in the forum.

Steps:

Switch to root mode (administrator), to install the necessary packages:
```
sudo -s
```
- If the 'sudo' command tells you're not in the sudoers list, then run:
```
su -
```
Update the apt-get cache by running:
```
apt-get update
```

Install the necessary packages:

apt-get install git-core flex bison rpm build-essential zlib1g-dev binutils-dev libstdc++5 \
libqt4-dev qt4-dev-tools libxext-dev libxt-dev libreadline-dev libncurses-dev libxrender-dev

Now exit from the root mode:
```
exit
```
Set-up the base folder where OpenFOAM-1.6-ext will be installed (here you can copy-paste all in single go):
```
cd ~
mkdir OpenFOAM
cd OpenFOAM
```

The next command will depend on the repository mirror you want to use:

Extend's official repository:

git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Extend's official repository (https mode, if you're behind a firewall):
```
git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
```

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository:

git clone git://repo.or.cz/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository (http mode, if you're behind a firewall):

git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github repository:

git clone https://github.com/Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

After the cloning is complete, go into the cloned folder and checkout the commit associated to 1.6.1, so that the correct 1.6-ext version is used:
```
cd OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
git checkout 1.6.1 -b 16ext
```

Configure the preferences file:

cp etc/prefs.sh-EXAMPLE etc/prefs.sh
 
#configuring it to build using the custom Qt build
sed -i s/"#export QT_THIRD_PARTY=1"/"export QT_THIRD_PARTY=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
#here you can change 4 to the number of cores you've got
echo "export WM_NCOMPPROCS=4" >> etc/prefs.sh

Now to do several more necessary fixes:

#we'll need to switch to the internal reader for ParaView
sed -i -e 's=\.OpenFOAM=\.foam=' bin/paraFoam
sed -i -e 's/^unset/export LC_ALL=C; unset/' bin/paraFoam
 
#Create a symbolic link for gmake
ln -s /usr/bin/make bin/gmake
 
#Fix the link for Mesquite
sed -i -e 's=software.sandia.gov/~jakraft=downloads.sourceforge.net/project/openfoam-extend/foam-extend-3.0/ThirdParty=g' \
  ThirdParty/AllMake.stage3 ThirdParty/rpmBuild/SPECS/mesquite-2.1.2.spec

For building 1.6-ext itself, it depends on whether you have installed the i686 or x86_64 architecture of Ubuntu. To check this, run:
```
uname -m
```
Now, accordingly:
- For i686:
```
echo "export WM_ARCH_OPTION=32" >> etc/prefs.sh
```
- For x86_64... there's nothing special to do.
Activate the environment and save an alias in the personal .bashrc file, simply by running the following commands:
```
source etc/bashrc
 
echo "alias of16ext='source \$HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/etc/bashrc'" >> $HOME/.bashrc
```
Note: This last line means that whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, whenever you start a new terminal, you should run:
```
of16ext
```
For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Build the several stages of the ThirdParty folder in a single go:

cd ThirdParty
 
# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 30 minutes to 3-6 hours.
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1

To check if everything went well:

#Edit the file "log.AllMake" and check if there are any error messages
#Example:
gedit log.AllMake
 
#Create a tarball in case you've seen any errors (it's the first error that matters)
#or if you don't understand the output
#and attach the file "log.AllMake.tar.gz" to a post in the designated thread
tar -czf log.AllMake.tar.gz log.AllMake

Now let's build 1.6-ext:

#Go back to the main folder and update the environment
cd ..
source etc/bashrc
 
# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 30 minutes to 3-6 hours.
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1

To check if everything went well:
1. Check if icoFoam is working, by running this command:
```
icoFoam -help
```
  which should tell you something like this:
```
Usage: icoFoam [OPTIONS]
options:
  -case <dir>       specify alternate case directory, default is the cwd
  -noFunctionObjects
                    do not execute functionObjects
  -parallel         run in parallel
  -roots <(dir1 .. dirN)>
                    slave root directories for distributed running
  -srcDoc           display source code in browser
  -doc              display application documentation in browser
  -help             print the usage
```
  Note: And keep in mind that you need to be careful with the letter case of the command. It's icoFoam, not icoFOAM.
2. If the previous command failed to work properly, then edit the file log.make and check if there are any error messages. A few examples on how you can edit this file:
  - By using kwrite:
```
kwrite log.make
```
  - By using gedit:
```
gedit log.make
```
  - By using nano:
```
nano log.make
```
    You can then exit by using the key combination Ctrl+X and following any instructions it gives you.
  Note: It's the first error message that matters.
3. If you don't understand the output, then please compress the log-file log.make and attach the compressed file to a post in the designated thread.
  If you do not know how to create a compressed file, then try one of the following examples:
  - You can compress the file with gzip by running this command:
```
gzip < log.make > log.make.gz
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named log.make.gz to a post in the designated thread.
  - Or you can compress one or more log-files into a tarball package file, by running this command:
```
tar -czf logs.tar.gz log.*
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named logs.tar.gz to a post in the designated thread.
4. Instructions on how to further diagnose the issue yourself, have a look at the section Common errors when building OpenFOAM from source code in the page FAQ/Installation and Running.
Now you can go read the User Guide, which is located at $HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/doc/Guides-a4/UserGuide.pdf.

Reminder: Whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, run the following command whenever you start a new terminal:

of16ext

For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: No thread available. Please a create a new thread in the forum.

2.3 Ubuntu 12.04

Here you have a few choices:

You can install from source, by either:
- Following the available official instructions from one of these repositories:
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at the official Extend repository
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at repo.or.cz mirror
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github mirror
  - Note: Before following any of the instructions above, check the section Note regarding foam-extend-3.0
- Or by following the detailed step-by-step instructions below (which has been based on the instructions from previous link)...

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: No thread available. Please a create a new thread in the forum.

Steps:

Switch to root mode (administrator), to install the necessary packages:
```
sudo -s
```
- If the 'sudo' command tells you're not in the sudoers list, then run:
```
su -
```
Update the apt-get cache by running:
```
apt-get update
```

Install the necessary packages:

apt-get install git flex bison rpm build-essential zlib1g-dev binutils-dev \
openmpi-bin libopenmpi-dev paraview libstdc++5

Now exit from the root mode:
```
exit
```
Set-up the base folder where OpenFOAM-1.6-ext will be installed (here you can copy-paste all in single go):
```
cd ~
mkdir OpenFOAM
cd OpenFOAM
```

The next command will depend on the repository mirror you want to use:

Extend's official repository:

git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Extend's official repository (https mode, if you're behind a firewall):
```
git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
```

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository:

git clone git://repo.or.cz/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository (http mode, if you're behind a firewall):

git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github repository:

git clone https://github.com/Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

After the cloning is complete, go into the cloned folder and checkout the commit associated to 1.6.1, so that the correct 1.6-ext version is used:
```
cd OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
git checkout 1.6.1 -b 16ext
```

Configure the preferences file:

cp etc/prefs.sh-EXAMPLE etc/prefs.sh
 
#Use the system compiler and configure to use Gcc 4.6
sed -i s/"compilerInstall=System"/"compilerInstall=System"/g etc/prefs.sh
echo "export WM_COMPILER=Gcc46" >> etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system installation of OpenMPI
sed -i s/"#export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/"export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export OPENMPI_DIR=path_to_system_installed_openmpi"/"export OPENMPI_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/"export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system ParaView
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/"export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_DIR=path_to_system_installed_paraview"/"export PARAVIEW_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/"export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
#here you can change 4 to the number of cores you've got
echo "export WM_NCOMPPROCS=4" >> etc/prefs.sh

Now to do several more necessary fixes:

#we'll need to switch to the internal reader for ParaView
sed -i -e 's=\.OpenFOAM=\.foam=' bin/paraFoam
sed -i -e 's/^unset/export LC_ALL=C; unset/' bin/paraFoam
 
#Create a symbolic link for gmake
ln -s /usr/bin/make bin/gmake
 
#disable X dependencies in tecio
sed -i -e 's=\(U_WIN32\)$=\1 -DENGINE=g' \
 applications/utilities/postProcessing/dataConversion/foamToTecplot360/tecio/tecsrc/Make/tecioOptions
 
#Fix the link for Mesquite
sed -i -e 's=software.sandia.gov/~jakraft=downloads.sourceforge.net/project/openfoam-extend/foam-extend-3.0/ThirdParty=g' \
  ThirdParty/AllMake.stage3 ThirdParty/rpmBuild/SPECS/mesquite-2.1.2.spec

For building 1.6-ext itself, it depends on whether you have installed the i686 or x86_64 architecture of Ubuntu. To check this, run:
```
uname -m
```
Now, accordingly:
- For i686:
```
echo "export WM_ARCH_OPTION=32" >> etc/prefs.sh
```
- For x86_64... there's nothing special to do.
Activate the environment and save an alias in the personal .bashrc file, simply by running the following commands:
```
source etc/bashrc
 
echo "alias of16ext='source \$HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/etc/bashrc'" >> $HOME/.bashrc
```
Note: This last line means that whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, whenever you start a new terminal, you should run:
```
of16ext
```
For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Build the several stages of the ThirdParty folder in a single go:

cd ThirdParty
 
# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 30 minutes to 3-6 hours.
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1

To check if everything went well:

#Edit the file "log.AllMake" and check if there are any error messages
#Example:
gedit log.AllMake
 
#Create a tarball in case you've seen any errors (it's the first error that matters)
#or if you don't understand the output
#and attach the file "log.AllMake.tar.gz" to a post in the designated thread
tar -czf log.AllMake.tar.gz log.AllMake

Now let's build 1.6-ext:

#Go back to the main folder and update the environment
cd ..
source etc/bashrc
 
# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 30 minutes to 3-6 hours.
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1

To check if everything went well:
1. Check if icoFoam is working, by running this command:
```
icoFoam -help
```
  which should tell you something like this:
```
Usage: icoFoam [OPTIONS]
options:
  -case <dir>       specify alternate case directory, default is the cwd
  -noFunctionObjects
                    do not execute functionObjects
  -parallel         run in parallel
  -roots <(dir1 .. dirN)>
                    slave root directories for distributed running
  -srcDoc           display source code in browser
  -doc              display application documentation in browser
  -help             print the usage
```
  Note: And keep in mind that you need to be careful with the letter case of the command. It's icoFoam, not icoFOAM.
2. If the previous command failed to work properly, then edit the file log.make and check if there are any error messages. A few examples on how you can edit this file:
  - By using kwrite:
```
kwrite log.make
```
  - By using gedit:
```
gedit log.make
```
  - By using nano:
```
nano log.make
```
    You can then exit by using the key combination Ctrl+X and following any instructions it gives you.
  Note: It's the first error message that matters.
3. If you don't understand the output, then please compress the log-file log.make and attach the compressed file to a post in the designated thread.
  If you do not know how to create a compressed file, then try one of the following examples:
  - You can compress the file with gzip by running this command:
```
gzip < log.make > log.make.gz
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named log.make.gz to a post in the designated thread.
  - Or you can compress one or more log-files into a tarball package file, by running this command:
```
tar -czf logs.tar.gz log.*
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named logs.tar.gz to a post in the designated thread.
4. Instructions on how to further diagnose the issue yourself, have a look at the section Common errors when building OpenFOAM from source code in the page FAQ/Installation and Running.
Now you can go read the User Guide, which is located at $HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/doc/Guides-a4/UserGuide.pdf.

Reminder: Whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, run the following command whenever you start a new terminal:

of16ext

For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: No thread available. Please a create a new thread in the forum.

2.4 Ubuntu 12.10

Here you have a few choices:

You can install from source, by either:
- Adapting the available official instructions that are for Ubuntu 12.04 (keeping in mind you're trying to install on Ubuntu 12.10), from one of these repositories:
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at the official Extend repository
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at repo.or.cz mirror
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github mirror
  - Note: Before following any of the instructions above, check the section Note regarding foam-extend-3.0
- Or by following the detailed step-by-step instructions below (which has been based on the instructions from previous link)...

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: No thread available. Please a create a new thread in the forum.

Steps:

Switch to root mode (administrator), to install the necessary packages:
```
sudo -s
```
- If the 'sudo' command tells you're not in the sudoers list, then run:
```
su -
```
Update the apt-get cache by running:
```
apt-get update
```

Install the necessary packages:

apt-get install git flex bison rpm build-essential zlib1g-dev binutils-dev \
openmpi-bin libopenmpi-dev paraview libscotch-dev cmake libstdc++5
 
#just in case, make sure to uninstall the "gold" binutils version
apt-get remove binutils-gold

Now exit from the root mode:
```
exit
```
Set-up the base folder where OpenFOAM-1.6-ext will be installed (here you can copy-paste all in single go):
```
cd ~
mkdir OpenFOAM
cd OpenFOAM
```

The next command will depend on the repository mirror you want to use:

Extend's official repository:

git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Extend's official repository (https mode, if you're behind a firewall):
```
git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
```

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository:

git clone git://repo.or.cz/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository (http mode, if you're behind a firewall):

git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github repository:

git clone https://github.com/Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

After the cloning is complete, go into the cloned folder and checkout the commit associated to 1.6.1, so that the correct 1.6-ext version is used:
```
cd OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
git checkout 1.6.1 -b 16ext
```

Configure the preferences file:

cp etc/prefs.sh-EXAMPLE etc/prefs.sh
 
#Use the system compiler and configure to use Gcc 4.7
sed -i s/"compilerInstall=System"/"compilerInstall=System"/g etc/prefs.sh
echo "export WM_COMPILER=Gcc47" >> etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system installation of OpenMPI
sed -i s/"#export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/"export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export OPENMPI_DIR=path_to_system_installed_openmpi"/"export OPENMPI_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/"export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's ParaView
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/"export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_DIR=path_to_system_installed_paraview"/"export PARAVIEW_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/"export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's Scotch
sed -i s/"#export SCOTCH_SYSTEM=1"/"export SCOTCH_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export SCOTCH_DIR=path_to_system_installed_scotch"/"export SCOTCH_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export SCOTCH"/"export SCOTCH"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i 's-SCOTCH_DIR/include$-SCOTCH_DIR/include/scotch-g' etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's CMake
sed -i s/"#export CMAKE_SYSTEM=1"/"export CMAKE_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export CMAKE_DIR=path_to_system_installed_cmake"/"export CMAKE_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export CMAKE"/"export CMAKE"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
#here you can change 4 to the number of cores you've got
echo "export WM_NCOMPPROCS=4" >> etc/prefs.sh

Now to do several more necessary fixes:

#we'll need to switch to the internal reader for ParaView
sed -i -e 's=\.OpenFOAM=\.foam=' bin/paraFoam
sed -i -e 's/^unset/export LC_ALL=C; unset/' bin/paraFoam
 
#Create a symbolic link for gmake
ln -s /usr/bin/make bin/gmake
 
#disable X dependencies in tecio
sed -i -e 's=\(U_WIN32\)$=\1 -DENGINE=g' \
 applications/utilities/postProcessing/dataConversion/foamToTecplot360/tecio/tecsrc/Make/tecioOptions
 
#Fix the link for Mesquite
sed -i -e 's=software.sandia.gov/~jakraft=downloads.sourceforge.net/project/openfoam-extend/foam-extend-3.0/ThirdParty=g' \
  ThirdParty/AllMake.stage3 ThirdParty/rpmBuild/SPECS/mesquite-2.1.2.spec

For building 1.6-ext itself, it depends on whether you have installed the i686 or x86_64 architecture of Ubuntu. To check this, run:

uname -m

Now, accordingly:

For i686:

echo "export WM_ARCH_OPTION=32" >> etc/prefs.sh
 
#copy the rules from ''Gcc46'' to ''Gcc47''
cp -r wmake/rules/linuxGcc46 wmake/rules/linuxGcc47
 
# due to stricter name lookup rules in 4.7 we need to tell the compiler to lighten up on this
sed -i 's/^\(c++FLAGS.*\)/\1 -fpermissive/g' wmake/rules/linuxGcc47/c++

Note: fix for the c++ file was retrieved from here.

For x86_64:

#copy the rules from ''Gcc46'' to ''Gcc47''
cp -r wmake/rules/linux64Gcc46 wmake/rules/linux64Gcc47
 
# due to stricter name lookup rules in 4.7 we need to tell the compiler to lighten up on this
sed -i 's/^\(c++FLAGS.*\)/\1 -fpermissive/g' wmake/rules/linux64Gcc47/c++

Note: fix for the c++ file was retrieved from here.

Activate the environment and save an alias in the personal .bashrc file, simply by running the following commands:
```
source etc/bashrc
 
echo "alias of16ext='source \$HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/etc/bashrc'" >> $HOME/.bashrc
```
Note: This last line means that whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, whenever you start a new terminal, you should run:
```
of16ext
```
For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Now we need avoid building cmake, so first go into the ThirdParty folder:

cd ThirdParty

Then run:

sed -i 's=^( rpm_make -p cmake=#( rpm_make -p cmake=' AllMake.stage1

Build the several stages of the ThirdParty folder in a single go:

# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 5 to 30 minutes
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1

To check if everything went well:

#Edit the file "log.AllMake" and check if there are any error messages
#Example:
gedit log.AllMake
 
#Create a tarball in case you've seen any errors (it's the first error that matters)
#or if you don't understand the output
#and attach the file "log.AllMake.tar.gz" to a post in the designated thread
tar -czf log.AllMake.tar.gz log.AllMake

Now let's build 1.6-ext:

#Go back to the main folder and update the environment
cd ..
source etc/bashrc
 
# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 30 minutes to 3-6 hours.
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1

To check if everything went well:
1. Check if icoFoam is working, by running this command:
```
icoFoam -help
```
  which should tell you something like this:
```
Usage: icoFoam [OPTIONS]
options:
  -case <dir>       specify alternate case directory, default is the cwd
  -noFunctionObjects
                    do not execute functionObjects
  -parallel         run in parallel
  -roots <(dir1 .. dirN)>
                    slave root directories for distributed running
  -srcDoc           display source code in browser
  -doc              display application documentation in browser
  -help             print the usage
```
  Note: And keep in mind that you need to be careful with the letter case of the command. It's icoFoam, not icoFOAM.
2. If the previous command failed to work properly, then edit the file log.make and check if there are any error messages. A few examples on how you can edit this file:
  - By using kwrite:
```
kwrite log.make
```
  - By using gedit:
```
gedit log.make
```
  - By using nano:
```
nano log.make
```
    You can then exit by using the key combination Ctrl+X and following any instructions it gives you.
  Note: It's the first error message that matters.
3. If you don't understand the output, then please compress the log-file log.make and attach the compressed file to a post in the designated thread.
  If you do not know how to create a compressed file, then try one of the following examples:
  - You can compress the file with gzip by running this command:
```
gzip < log.make > log.make.gz
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named log.make.gz to a post in the designated thread.
  - Or you can compress one or more log-files into a tarball package file, by running this command:
```
tar -czf logs.tar.gz log.*
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named logs.tar.gz to a post in the designated thread.
4. Instructions on how to further diagnose the issue yourself, have a look at the section Common errors when building OpenFOAM from source code in the page FAQ/Installation and Running.
Now you can go read the User Guide, which is located at $HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/doc/Guides-a4/UserGuide.pdf.

Reminder: Whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, run the following command whenever you start a new terminal:

of16ext

For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: No thread available. Please a create a new thread in the forum.

2.5 Ubuntu 13.04

Here you have a few choices:

You can install from source, by either:
- Adapting the available official instructions that are for Ubuntu 12.04 (keeping in mind you're trying to install on Ubuntu 13.04), from one of these repositories:
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at the official Extend repository
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at repo.or.cz mirror
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github mirror
  - Note: Before following any of the instructions above, check the section Note regarding foam-extend-3.0
- Or by following the detailed step-by-step instructions below (which has been based on the instructions from previous link)...

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: No thread available. Please a create a new thread in the forum.

Steps:

Switch to root mode (administrator), to install the necessary packages:
```
sudo -s
```
- If the 'sudo' command tells you're not in the sudoers list, then run:
```
su -
```
Update the apt-get cache by running:
```
apt-get update
```

Install the necessary packages:

apt-get install git flex bison rpm build-essential zlib1g-dev binutils-dev \
openmpi-bin libopenmpi-dev paraview libscotch-dev cmake libstdc++5
 
#just in case, make sure to uninstall the "gold" binutils version
apt-get remove binutils-gold

Now exit from the root mode:
```
exit
```
Set-up the base folder where OpenFOAM-1.6-ext will be installed (here you can copy-paste all in single go):
```
cd ~
mkdir OpenFOAM
cd OpenFOAM
```

The next command will depend on the repository mirror you want to use:

Extend's official repository:

git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Extend's official repository (https mode, if you're behind a firewall):
```
git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
```

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository:

git clone git://repo.or.cz/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository (http mode, if you're behind a firewall):

git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github repository:

git clone https://github.com/Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

After the cloning is complete, go into the cloned folder and checkout the commit associated to 1.6.1, so that the correct 1.6-ext version is used:
```
cd OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
git checkout 1.6.1 -b 16ext
```

Configure the preferences file:

cp etc/prefs.sh-EXAMPLE etc/prefs.sh
 
#Use the system compiler and configure to use Gcc 4.7
sed -i s/"compilerInstall=System"/"compilerInstall=System"/g etc/prefs.sh
echo "export WM_COMPILER=Gcc47" >> etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system installation of OpenMPI
sed -i s/"#export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/"export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export OPENMPI_DIR=path_to_system_installed_openmpi"/"export OPENMPI_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/"export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's ParaView
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/"export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_DIR=path_to_system_installed_paraview"/"export PARAVIEW_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/"export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's Scotch
sed -i s/"#export SCOTCH_SYSTEM=1"/"export SCOTCH_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export SCOTCH_DIR=path_to_system_installed_scotch"/"export SCOTCH_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export SCOTCH"/"export SCOTCH"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i 's-SCOTCH_DIR/include$-SCOTCH_DIR/include/scotch-g' etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's CMake
sed -i s/"#export CMAKE_SYSTEM=1"/"export CMAKE_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export CMAKE_DIR=path_to_system_installed_cmake"/"export CMAKE_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export CMAKE"/"export CMAKE"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
#here you can change 4 to the number of cores you've got
echo "export WM_NCOMPPROCS=4" >> etc/prefs.sh

Now to do several more necessary fixes:

#we'll need to switch to the internal reader for ParaView
sed -i -e 's=\.OpenFOAM=\.foam=' bin/paraFoam
sed -i -e 's/^unset/export LC_ALL=C; unset/' bin/paraFoam
 
#Create a symbolic link for gmake
ln -s /usr/bin/make bin/gmake
 
#disable X dependencies in tecio
sed -i -e 's=\(U_WIN32\)$=\1 -DENGINE=g' \
 applications/utilities/postProcessing/dataConversion/foamToTecplot360/tecio/tecsrc/Make/tecioOptions
 
#Fix the link for Mesquite
sed -i -e 's=software.sandia.gov/~jakraft=downloads.sourceforge.net/project/openfoam-extend/foam-extend-3.0/ThirdParty=g' \
  ThirdParty/AllMake.stage3 ThirdParty/rpmBuild/SPECS/mesquite-2.1.2.spec

For building 1.6-ext itself, it depends on whether you have installed the i686 or x86_64 architecture of Ubuntu. To check this, run:

uname -m

Now, accordingly:

For i686:

echo "export WM_ARCH_OPTION=32" >> etc/prefs.sh
 
#copy the rules from ''Gcc46'' to ''Gcc47''
cp -r wmake/rules/linuxGcc46 wmake/rules/linuxGcc47
 
# due to stricter name lookup rules in 4.7 we need to tell the compiler to lighten up on this
sed -i 's/^\(c++FLAGS.*\)/\1 -fpermissive/g' wmake/rules/linuxGcc47/c++

Note: fix for the c++ file was retrieved from here.

For x86_64:

#copy the rules from ''Gcc46'' to ''Gcc47''
cp -r wmake/rules/linux64Gcc46 wmake/rules/linux64Gcc47
 
# due to stricter name lookup rules in 4.7 we need to tell the compiler to lighten up on this
sed -i 's/^\(c++FLAGS.*\)/\1 -fpermissive/g' wmake/rules/linux64Gcc47/c++

Note: fix for the c++ file was retrieved from here.

Activate the environment and save an alias in the personal .bashrc file, simply by running the following commands:
```
source etc/bashrc
 
echo "alias of16ext='source \$HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/etc/bashrc'" >> $HOME/.bashrc
```
Note: This last line means that whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, whenever you start a new terminal, you should run:
```
of16ext
```
For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Now we need avoid building cmake, so first go into the ThirdParty folder:

cd ThirdParty

Then run:

sed -i 's=^( rpm_make -p cmake=#( rpm_make -p cmake=' AllMake.stage1

Build the several stages of the ThirdParty folder in a single go:

# This next command will take a little while... somewhere between 5 and 30 minutes
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1

To check if everything went well:

#Edit the file "log.AllMake" and check if there are any error messages
#Example:
gedit log.AllMake
 
#Create a tarball in case you've seen any errors (it's the first error that matters)
#or if you don't understand the output
#and attach the file "log.AllMake.tar.gz" to a post in the designated thread
tar -czf log.AllMake.tar.gz log.AllMake

Now let's build 1.6-ext:

#Go back to the main folder and update the environment
cd ..
source etc/bashrc
 
# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 30 minutes to 3-6 hours.
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1

To check if everything went well:
1. Check if icoFoam is working, by running this command:
```
icoFoam -help
```
  which should tell you something like this:
```
Usage: icoFoam [OPTIONS]
options:
  -case <dir>       specify alternate case directory, default is the cwd
  -noFunctionObjects
                    do not execute functionObjects
  -parallel         run in parallel
  -roots <(dir1 .. dirN)>
                    slave root directories for distributed running
  -srcDoc           display source code in browser
  -doc              display application documentation in browser
  -help             print the usage
```
  Note: And keep in mind that you need to be careful with the letter case of the command. It's icoFoam, not icoFOAM.
2. If the previous command failed to work properly, then edit the file log.make and check if there are any error messages. A few examples on how you can edit this file:
  - By using kwrite:
```
kwrite log.make
```
  - By using gedit:
```
gedit log.make
```
  - By using nano:
```
nano log.make
```
    You can then exit by using the key combination Ctrl+X and following any instructions it gives you.
  Note: It's the first error message that matters.
3. If you don't understand the output, then please compress the log-file log.make and attach the compressed file to a post in the designated thread.
  If you do not know how to create a compressed file, then try one of the following examples:
  - You can compress the file with gzip by running this command:
```
gzip < log.make > log.make.gz
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named log.make.gz to a post in the designated thread.
  - Or you can compress one or more log-files into a tarball package file, by running this command:
```
tar -czf logs.tar.gz log.*
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named logs.tar.gz to a post in the designated thread.
4. Instructions on how to further diagnose the issue yourself, have a look at the section Common errors when building OpenFOAM from source code in the page FAQ/Installation and Running.
Now you can go read the User Guide, which is located at $HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/doc/Guides-a4/UserGuide.pdf.

Reminder: Whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, run the following command whenever you start a new terminal:

of16ext

For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: No thread available. Please a create a new thread in the forum.

2.6 Ubuntu 13.10

Here you have a few choices:

You can install from source, by either:
- Adapting the available official instructions that are for Ubuntu 12.04 (keeping in mind you're trying to install on Ubuntu 13.10), from one of these repositories:
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at the official Extend repository
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at repo.or.cz mirror
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github mirror
  - Note: Before following any of the instructions above, check the section Note regarding foam-extend-3.0
- Or by following the detailed step-by-step instructions below (which has been based on the instructions from previous link)...

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: OpenFOAM 1.6 ext

Steps:

Switch to root mode (administrator), to install the necessary packages:
```
sudo -s
```
- If the 'sudo' command tells you're not in the sudoers list, then run:
```
su -
```
Update the apt-get cache by running:
```
apt-get update
```

Install the necessary packages:

apt-get install git flex bison rpm build-essential zlib1g-dev binutils-dev \
openmpi-bin libopenmpi-dev paraview libscotch-dev cmake libstdc++5

Now exit from the root mode:
```
exit
```
Set-up the base folder where OpenFOAM-1.6-ext will be installed (here you can copy-paste all in single go):
```
cd ~
mkdir OpenFOAM
cd OpenFOAM
```

The next command will depend on the repository mirror you want to use:

Extend's official repository:

git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Extend's official repository (https mode, if you're behind a firewall):
```
git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
```

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository:

git clone git://repo.or.cz/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository (http mode, if you're behind a firewall):

git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github repository:

git clone https://github.com/Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

After the cloning is complete, go into the cloned folder and checkout the commit associated to 1.6.1, so that the correct 1.6-ext version is used:
```
cd OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
git checkout 1.6.1 -b 16ext
```

Configure the preferences file:

cp etc/prefs.sh-EXAMPLE etc/prefs.sh
 
#Use the system compiler and configure to use Gcc 4.8
sed -i s/"compilerInstall=System"/"compilerInstall=System"/g etc/prefs.sh
echo "export WM_COMPILER=Gcc48" >> etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system installation of OpenMPI
sed -i s/"#export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/"export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export OPENMPI_DIR=path_to_system_installed_openmpi"/"export OPENMPI_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/"export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's ParaView
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/"export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_DIR=path_to_system_installed_paraview"/"export PARAVIEW_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/"export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's Scotch
sed -i s/"#export SCOTCH_SYSTEM=1"/"export SCOTCH_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export SCOTCH_DIR=path_to_system_installed_scotch"/"export SCOTCH_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export SCOTCH"/"export SCOTCH"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i 's-SCOTCH_DIR/include$-SCOTCH_DIR/include/scotch-g' etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's CMake
sed -i s/"#export CMAKE_SYSTEM=1"/"export CMAKE_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export CMAKE_DIR=path_to_system_installed_cmake"/"export CMAKE_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export CMAKE"/"export CMAKE"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
#here you can change 4 to the number of cores you've got
echo "export WM_NCOMPPROCS=4" >> etc/prefs.sh

Now to do several more necessary fixes:

#we'll need to switch to the internal reader for ParaView
sed -i -e 's=\.OpenFOAM=\.foam=' bin/paraFoam
sed -i -e 's/^unset/export LC_ALL=C; unset/' bin/paraFoam
 
#Create a symbolic link for gmake
ln -s /usr/bin/make bin/gmake
 
#disable X dependencies in tecio
sed -i -e 's=\(U_WIN32\)$=\1 -DENGINE=g' \
 applications/utilities/postProcessing/dataConversion/foamToTecplot360/tecio/tecsrc/Make/tecioOptions
 
#Fix the link for Mesquite
sed -i -e 's=software.sandia.gov/~jakraft=downloads.sourceforge.net/project/openfoam-extend/foam-extend-3.0/ThirdParty=g' \
  ThirdParty/AllMake.stage3 ThirdParty/rpmBuild/SPECS/mesquite-2.1.2.spec

For building 1.6-ext itself, it depends on whether you have installed the i686 or x86_64 architecture of Ubuntu. To check this, run:

uname -m

Now, accordingly:

For i686:

echo "export WM_ARCH_OPTION=32" >> etc/prefs.sh
 
#copy the rules from ''Gcc46'' to ''Gcc48''
cp -r wmake/rules/linuxGcc46 wmake/rules/linuxGcc48
 
# due to stricter name lookup rules in 4.8 we need to tell the compiler to lighten up on this
sed -i 's/^\(c++FLAGS.*\)/\1 -fpermissive/g' wmake/rules/linuxGcc48/c++

Note: fix for the c++ file was retrieved from here.

For x86_64:

#copy the rules from ''Gcc46'' to ''Gcc48''
cp -r wmake/rules/linux64Gcc46 wmake/rules/linux64Gcc48
 
# due to stricter name lookup rules in 4.8 we need to tell the compiler to lighten up on this
sed -i 's/^\(c++FLAGS.*\)/\1 -fpermissive/g' wmake/rules/linux64Gcc48/c++

Note: fix for the c++ file was retrieved from here.

Activate the environment and save an alias in the personal .bashrc file, simply by running the following commands:
```
source etc/bashrc
 
echo "alias of16ext='source \$HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/etc/bashrc'" >> $HOME/.bashrc
```
Note: This last line means that whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, whenever you start a new terminal, you should run:
```
of16ext
```
For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Now we need avoid building cmake, so first go into the ThirdParty folder:

cd ThirdParty

Then run:

sed -i 's=^( rpm_make -p cmake=#( rpm_make -p cmake=' AllMake.stage1

A few fixes are necessary for building some of the third-party applications/libraries:

sed -i -e 's/\(\+.*LIBS = \)/\1-Xlinker --add-needed -Xlinker --no-as-needed /' ./rpmBuild/SOURCES/ParMGridGen-1.0.patch
 
sed -i -e 's/\(\+.*LIBS = \)/\1-Xlinker --add-needed -Xlinker --no-as-needed /' ./rpmBuild/SOURCES/ParMetis-3.1.1.patch

Build the several stages of the ThirdParty folder in a single go:

# This next command will take a little while... somewhere between 5 and 30 minutes
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1

To check if everything went well:

#Edit the file "log.AllMake" and check if there are any error messages
#Example:
gedit log.AllMake
 
#Create a tarball in case you've seen any errors (it's the first error that matters)
#or if you don't understand the output
#and attach the file "log.AllMake.tar.gz" to a post in the designated thread
tar -czf log.AllMake.tar.gz log.AllMake

Now let's build 1.6-ext:

#Go back to the main folder and update the environment
cd ..
source etc/bashrc
 
# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 30 minutes to 3-6 hours.
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1

To check if everything went well:
1. Check if icoFoam is working, by running this command:
```
icoFoam -help
```
  which should tell you something like this:
```
Usage: icoFoam [OPTIONS]
options:
  -case <dir>       specify alternate case directory, default is the cwd
  -noFunctionObjects
                    do not execute functionObjects
  -parallel         run in parallel
  -roots <(dir1 .. dirN)>
                    slave root directories for distributed running
  -srcDoc           display source code in browser
  -doc              display application documentation in browser
  -help             print the usage
```
  Note: And keep in mind that you need to be careful with the letter case of the command. It's icoFoam, not icoFOAM.
2. If the previous command failed to work properly, then edit the file log.make and check if there are any error messages. A few examples on how you can edit this file:
  - By using kwrite:
```
kwrite log.make
```
  - By using gedit:
```
gedit log.make
```
  - By using nano:
```
nano log.make
```
    You can then exit by using the key combination Ctrl+X and following any instructions it gives you.
  Note: It's the first error message that matters.
3. If you don't understand the output, then please compress the log-file log.make and attach the compressed file to a post in the designated thread.
  If you do not know how to create a compressed file, then try one of the following examples:
  - You can compress the file with gzip by running this command:
```
gzip < log.make > log.make.gz
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named log.make.gz to a post in the designated thread.
  - Or you can compress one or more log-files into a tarball package file, by running this command:
```
tar -czf logs.tar.gz log.*
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named logs.tar.gz to a post in the designated thread.
4. Instructions on how to further diagnose the issue yourself, have a look at the section Common errors when building OpenFOAM from source code in the page FAQ/Installation and Running.
Now you can go read the User Guide, which is located at $HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/doc/Guides-a4/UserGuide.pdf.

Reminder: Whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, run the following command whenever you start a new terminal:

of16ext

For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: OpenFOAM 1.6 ext

2.7 Ubuntu 14.04

Here you have a few choices:

You can install from source, by either:
- Adapting the available official instructions that are for Ubuntu 12.04 (keeping in mind you're trying to install on Ubuntu 13.10), from one of these repositories:
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at the official Extend repository
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at repo.or.cz mirror
  - Building Instructions for Ubuntu 12.04 at Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github mirror
  - Note: Before following any of the instructions above, check the section Note regarding foam-extend-3.0
- Or by following the detailed step-by-step instructions below (which has been based on the instructions from previous link)...

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: OpenFOAM 1.6 ext

Steps:

Switch to root mode (administrator), to install the necessary packages:
```
sudo -s
```
- If the 'sudo' command tells you're not in the sudoers list, then run:
```
su -
```
Update the apt-get cache by running:
```
apt-get update
```

Install the necessary packages:

apt-get install git flex bison rpm build-essential zlib1g-dev binutils-dev \
openmpi-bin libopenmpi-dev paraview libscotch-dev cmake libstdc++5 libiberty-dev

(A shout-out to nacholarrabide for the missing package libiberty-dev and requesting this section for Ubuntu 14.04 to be added.)

Now exit from the root mode:
```
exit
```
Set-up the base folder where OpenFOAM-1.6-ext will be installed (here you can copy-paste all in single go):
```
cd ~
mkdir OpenFOAM
cd OpenFOAM
```

The next command will depend on the repository mirror you want to use:

Extend's official repository:

git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Extend's official repository (https mode, if you're behind a firewall):
```
git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
```

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository:

git clone git://repo.or.cz/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository (http mode, if you're behind a firewall):

git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github repository:

git clone https://github.com/Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

After the cloning is complete, go into the cloned folder and checkout the commit associated to 1.6.1, so that the correct 1.6-ext version is used:
```
cd OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
git checkout 1.6.1 -b 16ext
```

Configure the preferences file:

cp etc/prefs.sh-EXAMPLE etc/prefs.sh
 
#Use the system compiler and configure to use Gcc 4.8
sed -i s/"compilerInstall=System"/"compilerInstall=System"/g etc/prefs.sh
echo "export WM_COMPILER=Gcc48" >> etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system installation of OpenMPI
sed -i s/"#export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/"export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export OPENMPI_DIR=path_to_system_installed_openmpi"/"export OPENMPI_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/"export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's ParaView
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/"export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_DIR=path_to_system_installed_paraview"/"export PARAVIEW_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/"export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's Scotch
sed -i s/"#export SCOTCH_SYSTEM=1"/"export SCOTCH_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export SCOTCH_DIR=path_to_system_installed_scotch"/"export SCOTCH_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export SCOTCH"/"export SCOTCH"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i 's-SCOTCH_DIR/include$-SCOTCH_DIR/include/scotch-g' etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's CMake
sed -i s/"#export CMAKE_SYSTEM=1"/"export CMAKE_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export CMAKE_DIR=path_to_system_installed_cmake"/"export CMAKE_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export CMAKE"/"export CMAKE"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
#here you can change 4 to the number of cores you've got
echo "export WM_NCOMPPROCS=4" >> etc/prefs.sh

Now to do several more necessary fixes:

#we'll need to switch to the internal reader for ParaView
sed -i -e 's=\.OpenFOAM=\.foam=' bin/paraFoam
sed -i -e 's/^unset/export LC_ALL=C; unset/' bin/paraFoam
 
#Create a symbolic link for gmake
ln -s /usr/bin/make bin/gmake
 
#disable X dependencies in tecio
sed -i -e 's=\(U_WIN32\)$=\1 -DENGINE=g' \
 applications/utilities/postProcessing/dataConversion/foamToTecplot360/tecio/tecsrc/Make/tecioOptions
 
#Fix the link for Mesquite
sed -i -e 's=software.sandia.gov/~jakraft=downloads.sourceforge.net/project/openfoam-extend/foam-extend-3.0/ThirdParty=g' \
  ThirdParty/AllMake.stage3 ThirdParty/rpmBuild/SPECS/mesquite-2.1.2.spec

For building 1.6-ext itself, it depends on whether you have installed the i686 or x86_64 architecture of Ubuntu. To check this, run:

uname -m

Now, accordingly:

For i686:

echo "export WM_ARCH_OPTION=32" >> etc/prefs.sh
 
#copy the rules from ''Gcc46'' to ''Gcc48''
cp -r wmake/rules/linuxGcc46 wmake/rules/linuxGcc48
 
# due to stricter name lookup rules in 4.8 we need to tell the compiler to lighten up on this
sed -i 's/^\(c++FLAGS.*\)/\1 -fpermissive/g' wmake/rules/linuxGcc48/c++

Note: fix for the c++ file was retrieved from here.

For x86_64:

#copy the rules from ''Gcc46'' to ''Gcc48''
cp -r wmake/rules/linux64Gcc46 wmake/rules/linux64Gcc48
 
# due to stricter name lookup rules in 4.8 we need to tell the compiler to lighten up on this
sed -i 's/^\(c++FLAGS.*\)/\1 -fpermissive/g' wmake/rules/linux64Gcc48/c++

Note: fix for the c++ file was retrieved from here.

Activate the environment and save an alias in the personal .bashrc file, simply by running the following commands:
```
source etc/bashrc
 
echo "alias of16ext='source \$HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/etc/bashrc'" >> $HOME/.bashrc
```
Note: This last line means that whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, whenever you start a new terminal, you should run:
```
of16ext
```
For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Now we need avoid building cmake, so first go into the ThirdParty folder:

cd ThirdParty

Then run:

sed -i 's=^( rpm_make -p cmake=#( rpm_make -p cmake=' AllMake.stage1

A few fixes are necessary for building some of the third-party applications/libraries:

sed -i -e 's/\(\+.*LIBS = \)/\1-Xlinker --add-needed -Xlinker --no-as-needed /' ./rpmBuild/SOURCES/ParMGridGen-1.0.patch
 
sed -i -e 's/\(\+.*LIBS = \)/\1-Xlinker --add-needed -Xlinker --no-as-needed /' ./rpmBuild/SOURCES/ParMetis-3.1.1.patch

Build the several stages of the ThirdParty folder in a single go:

# This next command will take a little while... somewhere between 5 and 30 minutes
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1

To check if everything went well:

#Edit the file "log.AllMake" and check if there are any error messages
#Example:
gedit log.AllMake
 
#Create a tarball in case you've seen any errors (it's the first error that matters)
#or if you don't understand the output
#and attach the file "log.AllMake.tar.gz" to a post in the designated thread
tar -czf log.AllMake.tar.gz log.AllMake

Now let's build 1.6-ext:

#Go back to the main folder and update the environment
cd ..
source etc/bashrc
 
# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 30 minutes to 3-6 hours.
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1

To check if everything went well:
1. Check if icoFoam is working, by running this command:
```
icoFoam -help
```
  which should tell you something like this:
```
Usage: icoFoam [OPTIONS]
options:
  -case <dir>       specify alternate case directory, default is the cwd
  -noFunctionObjects
                    do not execute functionObjects
  -parallel         run in parallel
  -roots <(dir1 .. dirN)>
                    slave root directories for distributed running
  -srcDoc           display source code in browser
  -doc              display application documentation in browser
  -help             print the usage
```
  Note: And keep in mind that you need to be careful with the letter case of the command. It's icoFoam, not icoFOAM.
2. If the previous command failed to work properly, then edit the file log.make and check if there are any error messages. A few examples on how you can edit this file:
  - By using kwrite:
```
kwrite log.make
```
  - By using gedit:
```
gedit log.make
```
  - By using nano:
```
nano log.make
```
    You can then exit by using the key combination Ctrl+X and following any instructions it gives you.
  Note: It's the first error message that matters.
3. If you don't understand the output, then please compress the log-file log.make and attach the compressed file to a post in the designated thread.
  If you do not know how to create a compressed file, then try one of the following examples:
  - You can compress the file with gzip by running this command:
```
gzip < log.make > log.make.gz
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named log.make.gz to a post in the designated thread.
  - Or you can compress one or more log-files into a tarball package file, by running this command:
```
tar -czf logs.tar.gz log.*
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named logs.tar.gz to a post in the designated thread.
4. Instructions on how to further diagnose the issue yourself, have a look at the section Common errors when building OpenFOAM from source code in the page FAQ/Installation and Running.
Now you can go read the User Guide, which is located at $HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/doc/Guides-a4/UserGuide.pdf.

Reminder: Whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, run the following command whenever you start a new terminal:

of16ext

For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: OpenFOAM 1.6 ext

2.8 Ubuntu 16.04

Here you have a few choices:

You can install from source, by either checking the instructions referred in the previous sections above...
Or by following the detailed step-by-step instructions below (which has been based on the instructions from previous link)...

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: foam-extend 1.6: ScotchDecomp error while compiling on Ubuntu 16.04

Steps:

Switch to root mode (administrator), to install the necessary packages:
```
sudo -s
```
- If the 'sudo' command tells you're not in the sudoers list, then run:
```
su -
```
Update the apt-get cache by running:
```
apt-get update
```

Install the necessary packages:

apt-get install git flex rpm build-essential zlib1g-dev binutils-dev \
openmpi-bin libopenmpi-dev cmake paraview libstdc++5 libiberty-dev

Now exit from the root mode:
```
exit
```
Set-up the base folder where OpenFOAM-1.6-ext will be installed (here you can copy-paste all in single go):
```
cd ~
mkdir OpenFOAM
cd OpenFOAM
```

The next command will depend on the repository mirror you want to use:

Extend's official repository:

git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Extend's official repository (https mode, if you're behind a firewall):
```
git clone https://git.code.sf.net/p/openfoam-extend/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
```

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository:

git clone git://repo.or.cz/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror at repo.or.cz repository (http mode, if you're behind a firewall):

git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

Mirror Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror@github repository:

git clone https://github.com/Unofficial-Extend-Project-Mirror/openfoam-extend-OpenFOAM-1.6-ext.git OpenFOAM-1.6-ext

After the cloning is complete, go into the cloned folder and checkout the commit associated to 1.6.1, so that the correct 1.6-ext version is used:
```
cd OpenFOAM-1.6-ext
git checkout 1.6.1 -b 16ext
```

Configure the preferences file:

cp etc/prefs.sh-EXAMPLE etc/prefs.sh
 
#Use the system compiler and configure to use Gcc 5.4
echo "export WM_COMPILER=Gcc54" >> etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system installation of OpenMPI
sed -i s/"#export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/"export WM_MPLIB=SYSTEMOPENMPI"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export OPENMPI_DIR=path_to_system_installed_openmpi"/"export OPENMPI_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/"export OPENMPI_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
# Use the system's ParaView
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/"export PARAVIEW_SYSTEM=1"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"#export PARAVIEW_DIR=path_to_system_installed_paraview"/"export PARAVIEW_DIR=\/usr"/g etc/prefs.sh
sed -i s/"^#export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/"export PARAVIEW_BIN_DIR"/g etc/prefs.sh
 
#here you can change 4 to the number of cores you've got
echo "export WM_NCOMPPROCS=4" >> etc/prefs.sh

Now to do several more necessary fixes:

#we'll need to switch to the internal reader for ParaView
sed -i -e 's=\.OpenFOAM=\.foam=' bin/paraFoam
sed -i -e 's/^unset/export LC_ALL=C; unset/' bin/paraFoam
 
#Create a symbolic link for gmake
ln -s /usr/bin/make bin/gmake
 
#disable X dependencies in tecio
sed -i -e 's=\(U_WIN32\)$=\1 -DENGINE=g' \
 applications/utilities/postProcessing/dataConversion/foamToTecplot360/tecio/tecsrc/Make/tecioOptions
 
#Fix the link for Mesquite
sed -i -e 's=software.sandia.gov/~jakraft=downloads.sourceforge.net/project/openfoam-extend/foam-extend-3.0/ThirdParty=g' \
  ThirdParty/AllMake.stage3 ThirdParty/rpmBuild/SPECS/mesquite-2.1.2.spec
 
#Fix for Flex version detection
find src applications -name "*.L" -type f | xargs sed -i -e 's=\(YY\_FLEX\_SUBMINOR\_VERSION\)=YY_FLEX_MINOR_VERSION < 6 \&\& \1='

For building 1.6-ext itself, it depends on whether you have installed the i686 or x86_64 architecture of Ubuntu. To check this, run:

uname -m

Now, accordingly:

For i686:

echo "export WM_ARCH_OPTION=32" >> etc/prefs.sh
 
#copy the rules from ''Gcc46'' to ''Gcc54''
cp -r wmake/rules/linuxGcc46 wmake/rules/linuxGcc54
 
# due to stricter name lookup rules in GCC 4.8 and newer, we need to tell the compiler to lighten up on this
sed -i 's/^\(c++FLAGS.*\)/\1 -fpermissive/g' wmake/rules/linuxGcc54/c++

Note: fix for the c++ file was retrieved from here.

For x86_64:

#copy the rules from ''Gcc46'' to ''Gcc54''
cp -r wmake/rules/linux64Gcc46 wmake/rules/linux64Gcc54
 
# due to stricter name lookup rules in GCC 4.8 and newer, we need to tell the compiler to lighten up on this
sed -i 's/^\(c++FLAGS.*\)/\1 -fpermissive/g' wmake/rules/linux64Gcc54/c++

Note: fix for the c++ file was retrieved from here.

Activate the environment and save an alias in the personal .bashrc file, simply by running the following commands:
```
source etc/bashrc
 
echo "alias of16ext='source \$HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/etc/bashrc'" >> $HOME/.bashrc
```
Note: This last line means that whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, whenever you start a new terminal, you should run:
```
of16ext
```
For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Now we need avoid building cmake, so first go into the ThirdParty folder:

cd ThirdParty

Then run:

sed -i 's=^( rpm_make -p cmake=#( rpm_make -p cmake=' AllMake.stage1

A few fixes are necessary for building some of the third-party applications/libraries:

sed -i -e 's/\(\+.*LIBS = \)/\1-Xlinker --add-needed -Xlinker --no-as-needed /' ./rpmBuild/SOURCES/ParMGridGen-1.0.patch
 
sed -i -e 's/\(\+.*LIBS = \)/\1-Xlinker --add-needed -Xlinker --no-as-needed /' ./rpmBuild/SOURCES/ParMetis-3.1.1.patch
 
sed -i -e 's=$(LDFLAGS)=$(LDFLAGS) -pthread=' ./rpmBuild/SOURCES/scotch-5.1.10b_patch_0

Build the several stages of the ThirdParty folder in a single go:

# This next command will take a little while... somewhere between 5 and 30 minutes
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./AllMake > log.AllMake 2>&1

To check if everything went well:

#Edit the file "log.AllMake" and check if there are any error messages
#Example:
gedit log.AllMake
 
#Create a tarball in case you've seen any errors (it's the first error that matters)
#or if you don't understand the output
#and attach the file "log.AllMake.tar.gz" to a post in the designated thread
tar -czf log.AllMake.tar.gz log.AllMake

Now let's build 1.6-ext:

#Go back to the main folder and update the environment
cd ..
source etc/bashrc
 
# This next command will take a while... somewhere between 30 minutes to 3-6 hours.
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1
 
#Run it a second time for getting a summary of the installation
./Allwmake > log.make 2>&1

To check if everything went well:
1. Check if icoFoam is working, by running this command:
```
icoFoam -help
```
  which should tell you something like this:
```
Usage: icoFoam [OPTIONS]
options:
  -case <dir>       specify alternate case directory, default is the cwd
  -noFunctionObjects
                    do not execute functionObjects
  -parallel         run in parallel
  -roots <(dir1 .. dirN)>
                    slave root directories for distributed running
  -srcDoc           display source code in browser
  -doc              display application documentation in browser
  -help             print the usage
```
  Note: And keep in mind that you need to be careful with the letter case of the command. It's icoFoam, not icoFOAM.
2. If the previous command failed to work properly, then edit the file log.make and check if there are any error messages. A few examples on how you can edit this file:
  - By using kwrite:
```
kwrite log.make
```
  - By using gedit:
```
gedit log.make
```
  - By using nano:
```
nano log.make
```
    You can then exit by using the key combination Ctrl+X and following any instructions it gives you.
  Note: It's the first error message that matters.
3. If you don't understand the output, then please compress the log-file log.make and attach the compressed file to a post in the designated thread.
  If you do not know how to create a compressed file, then try one of the following examples:
  - You can compress the file with gzip by running this command:
```
gzip < log.make > log.make.gz
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named log.make.gz to a post in the designated thread.
  - Or you can compress one or more log-files into a tarball package file, by running this command:
```
tar -czf logs.tar.gz log.*
```
    Then attach the resulting package file named logs.tar.gz to a post in the designated thread.
4. Instructions on how to further diagnose the issue yourself, have a look at the section Common errors when building OpenFOAM from source code in the page FAQ/Installation and Running.
Now you can go read the User Guide, which is located at $HOME/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/doc/Guides-a4/UserGuide.pdf.

Reminder: Whenever you start a new terminal window or tab, you should run the alias command associated to the OpenFOAM 1.6-ext shell environment. In other words, run the following command whenever you start a new terminal:

of16ext

For more information on this topic, read section Using aliases to help manage multiple OpenFOAM versions in the page Installation/Working with the Shell.

Discussion thread where you can ask questions about these steps: foam-extend 1.6: ScotchDecomp error while compiling on Ubuntu 16.04

Installation/Linux/OpenFOAM-1.6-ext/Ubuntu

1 Introduction

Contents

2 Copy-Paste steps

2.1 Ubuntu 10.04

2.2 Ubuntu 11.04

2.3 Ubuntu 12.04

2.4 Ubuntu 12.10

2.5 Ubuntu 13.04

2.6 Ubuntu 13.10

2.7 Ubuntu 14.04

2.8 Ubuntu 16.04