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From OpenFOAMWiki

Turbulent flow in a circular pipe rotating around its axis is numerically investigated by using large eddy simulation (LES) approach coupled with a dynamic subgrid-scale (SGS) model.

The large eddy simulation (LES) was used to simulate the turbulence of the continuous phase,where the motions of the large scale structures were solved directly through the incompressible Navier Stokes equations and the effects of the unresolved scales were modeled by the standard Smagorinsky sub grid scale model.